However, the expected pattern of results whereby lower frequency binaural beats would be associated with greater physiological recovery, was not observed. Physiological recovery across the five rest periods, as measured using skin conductance, heart rate, and breathing, were compared using one-way analysis of variance.īinaural beats were linked to enhanced physiological recovery relative to silence. The aim of this study was to determine if binaural beats could facilitate physiological recovery from a mental stressor.ĩ2 adults were exposed five times each to a 2-min mental stressor and a subsequent 4-min rest period containing silence or 1-of-4 examples of binaural beats (2, 5, 10, and 24 Hz). Considering these limitations, the performance of additional studies with more adequate experimental design and data analysis is recommended, particularly focusing on the neurophysiological and behavioral effects of brain wave entrainment on mental states.īinaural beats are seen as a new type of 'digital-drug'. Although most of the studies reviewed here indicated audio BWE effectiveness, some positive outcomes may require further investigation, with more refined and appropriate evaluation tools, better suited for each specific type of intervention and/or therapeutic target. Binaural beats were used in 15 studies (88.25%), whereas isochronic tones were used only in two studies (11.76%). These studies were fully read and critically analyzed. From that, 17 studies obtained a score of three points or more on the Jadad scale. The remaining studies were analyzed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews, resulting in 33 randomized, controlled clinical trials that were then evaluated by the Jadad scale. The literature review was conducted using PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILLACS, and SCIENCE DIRECT online platforms using the search words: “audio brain entrainment,” “auditory beat stimulation, “ “binaural beats,” “brainwave entrainment (BWE),” and “isochronic tones.” The search yielded 674 studies, of which 49 were in duplicate, and 592 were out of the scope of this review, and, therefore, were excluded from the study. Prolonged audio stimuli in repetitive and synchronized manner may induce changes in brain waves patterns and, consequently, modulating neurophysiological, and behavioral responses. Data from the scientific literature suggest the existence of a promising therapeutic potential in neurology and psychophysiology due to their influence on specific frequencies of brain waves and their implications for mental health and homeostasis of brain neurotransmitters. This systematic review is dedicated to deepening the study of two phenomena: binaural beats and isochronic tones.
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